RESEARCH OF THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

Abstract

Finding and creating effective thermal insulation materials based on cheap raw materials continues to be a challenge. At the same time the criterion of economy of fuel and energy resources at production of heat-insulating materials has great value. Depending on the composition of the substances from which thermal insulation materials are made, they can, under certain conditions, affect the insulated surfaces, the environment and the human or animal body. To obtain thermal insulation materials based on vegetable raw materials, comprehensive studies on the selection of compositions, including the preparation of aggregate of a certain fraction, and studied the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples. In the main experimental studies, a composite aggregate was used, which is a mixture of sphagnum moss with reed or rye straw. Liquid glass was used as a binder. The use of moss as a filler is due to its antiseptic properties and experience in the use of thermal insulation. Liquid sodium glass provides thermal insulation, non-flammability, binds the filler, is an antiseptic and prevents the formation of fungi. The larger volume of straw relative to the reed, preserving the geometry of the crushed stems in the form of hollow tubular cylinders, allowed to create a uniformly distributed coherent frame of straw in the moss structure, which absorbs compressive forces under load and prevents shrinkage deformation. These factors led to the absence of shrinkage deformations of thermal insulation boards during drying. Thus, as a result of the research, a plate heat-insulating material with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained, which has biocidal properties on the basis of natural plant material and crop waste.