MOISTURIZING NATURAL LEATHERS WITH SOLVENT EMULSIONS AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF FOOTWEAR CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
The article investigates the effect of moisturizing natural leathers with solvent emulsions on changes in their deformation and physical-mechanical properties in the context of improving footwear construction quality. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing requirements for manufacturability and reliability of special footwear operated under conditions of increased mechanical and climatic loads, as well as by the need to adapt traditional technological processes to modern types of natural leather with modified structure. The object of the research was samples of natural leather produced from bovine hides using different tanning methods, including combined (chrome-syntan), chrome tanning, and chrome-tanned split leather with a finished surface. The samples were moisturized in water and emulsion media for various durations in order to determine the regularities of changes in moisture content, tensile strength, and deformation characteristics of the material. As a result of the experimental studies, it was found that moisturizing with solvent-based emulsions provides a more intensive and uniform increase in moisture content compared to traditional water moisturizing, especially at the initial stages of the process. It was shown that the use of the emulsion moisturizing method does not deteriorate the physical-mechanical properties of leather and allows maintaining or improving strength and elongation at break depending on the tanning method. It has been proven that controlled moisturizing of footwear uppers is a key factor in ensuring the stability of shape formation, the accuracy of assembling structural elements, and the durability of finished products. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using solvent emulsions as a promising method of wet processing in technological processes of manufacturing special footwear made of natural leather and form a scientific basis for substantiating optimal regimes for shaping footwear uppers.
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