COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF HULLED INDUSTRIAL HEMP SEED MIXTURE AND ITS SEPARATION PRODUCTS
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the component composition of the mixture obtained after shelling of industrial hemp seeds and to characterise the products formed during its separation on an air-sieve separator in terms of the further utilisation of the kernel in small-scale processing technologies. The object of the study was industrial hemp seeds of the cultivar Hlesia grown at the Institute of Bast Crops of NAAS (Sumy region, Ukraine), which were shelled in a self-designed centrifugal sheller at a feed rate of 100 kg/h without preliminary sizing, within a moisture range of 9-11 %. The resulting mixture after shelling was subjected to morphological analysis by manual separation into homogeneous groups of particles with recording of their characteristic features, followed by air-sieve separation on the SM-0.15 machine equipped with three sieves (with round and oblong apertures) and two air channels. Each fraction collected from the sieve overflows and air outlets was weighed and analysed for its composition; the experiments were carried out in five replications and the data were processed using methods of variation statistics. It was shown that the mixture after hemp seed shelling is a multicomponent system that can reasonably be described by seven morphological fractions: whole kernels, broken kernels, whole seeds, partially shelled seeds, hull-rich waste with small kernel fragments, dust and organic impurities. It was demonstrated that, during air-sieve separation, combinations of these morphological fractions form six technological products – kernel, “mishanka”, “sichka”, “pereviy”, under-shelled fraction and waste – for which the qualitative composition was described and potential applications in food technologies, hemp oil production, feed and energy use were outlined. It was concluded that the proposed approach to describing hemp seed shelling products in terms of morphological fractions and technological products provides a basis for further optimisation of shelling regimes and separation parameters of industrial hemp seeds, as well as for the development of small-scale processing lines with improved integral utilisation of raw material.
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